U.S. county-level cases, map, confirmation timeline, and animal species summaries from USDA APHIS data.
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Situation at a glance
County geography
Transmission pathway
Confirmation timeline
County burden
Line list
| Confirmed date | State | County | Case type | Animal type | Species | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 12, 2026 | Texas | Sutton | Domestic | Domestic | Sheep | Inactive |
| Jun 11, 2026 | Texas | Edwards | Domestic | Domestic | Cattle | Active |
| Jun 11, 2026 | Texas | Edwards | Domestic | Domestic | Goats | Active |
| Jun 11, 2026 | Texas | Tom Green | Domestic | Domestic | Cattle | Active |
| Jun 11, 2026 | Texas | Zavala | Domestic | Domestic | Cattle | Active |
| Jun 9, 2026 | Texas | Edwards | Domestic | Domestic | Cattle | Active |
| Jun 8, 2026 | Texas | Gillespie | Domestic | Domestic | Goats | Active |
| Jun 8, 2026 | Texas | La Salle | Domestic | Domestic | Cattle | Active |
| Jun 7, 2026 | New Mexico | Lea | Domestic | Domestic | Dog | Active |
| Jun 7, 2026 | Texas | La Salle | Domestic | Domestic | Cattle | Active |
| Jun 5, 2026 | Texas | Zavala | Domestic | Domestic | Cattle | Active |
| Jun 3, 2026 | Texas | Zavala | Domestic | Domestic | Cattle | Active |
Literature watch
Accidental myiasis, defined as the infestation of living or necrotic tissue by Diptera larvae, represents a neglected but profoundly distressing complication in patients afflicted with advanced malignancies, particularly head and neck cancers (HNC). HNC constitutes a major global...
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is an obligate parasite of warm-blooded animals and a major pest of livestock and wildlife in the Americas. The first genome assembly for C. hominivorax enabled substantial progress in key areas including gene expression related t...
The reinfestation of New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax [Coquerel]) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in North America has prompted a broad effort to identify new management tools. In this study, the larval parasitoid Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae...
Infestations of Cochliomyia hominivorax, the New World Screwworm (NWS), has become a reemerging veterinary concern in the United States due to the recent northward expansion of fly detections as far as northern Mexico. Rapid, accurate and validated detection pipelines need to be...
Oral myiasis is a rare medical condition in which soft tissues of the oral cavity are invaded by the larvae (maggots) of several flies. We report a fatal case in a 75-year-old man from a subtropical rural region of Ecuador who presented to a public health center with respiratory...
Surveillance and diagnostics are critical for the early detection, containment and eradication of exotic pests. For the screwworm fly, this is usually via targeted surveillance and exclusion testing of trap-caught flies, as well as the identification of larvae associated with myi...
Nasopharyngeal myiasis is a rare parasitic disease caused by larvae that affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. A 12-year-old adolescent presented with a lesion caused by a fly entering the left nostril, characterised by the emergence of larvae. Sinus tomography documen...
The evolutionary transition to parasitism in the family Calliphoridae serves as a compelling model to study the genetic and molecular basis of ecological adaptations. In this study, we sequenced and annotated the genomes of Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya putoria, and Lucilia ex...
New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), is an obligate parasite of warm-blooded animals and a serious threat to livestock, wild animals, and humans. The sterile insect technique (SIT) was used to eradicate screwworm from North and Central America during the mid-1...
Bovines are suitable hosts and can be affected by fly infestations. Flies pose a significant threat to cattle livestock in Latin America (LA), causing substantial economic repercussions to animal production (reduced productivity, veterinary expenses, and decreased animal welfare)...
New World Screwworm (NWS), or Cochliomyia hominivorax, is a potentially fatal disease due to severe larvae infestation and tissue destruction. A resurgence has been reported. This narrative review provides a focused overview of NWS for the emergency clinician, including the epide...
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858; Diptera: Calliphoridae), was eradicated from North and Central America through the first application of the sterile insect technique. The sterile screwworm adult fly releases were mixed sex, but releasing only male...
We describe New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) infestation in 2 injured mountain tapirs (Tapirus pinchaque) from a protected area in the Central Andes, Colombia. Screwworms were not a known threat to mountain tapirs. Community outreach is needed to raise awareness on e...
Dermatologic conditions are among the most frequent health problems in international travelers, following gastrointestinal and febrile illnesses. Myiasis, defined as infestation of human tissue by dipterous fly larvae, represents a noteworthy dermatologic diagnosis, particularly...
The screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is a significant pest in Brazil, posing threats to agriculture and public health. Laboratory rearing is crucial for developing control strategies like the sterile insect technique (SIT); but the effects of multi-generational rearing on...
The New World screwworm () is an obligate parasitic fly whose larvae invade and consume living tissue, causing myiasis with severe consequences for human health, animal welfare, and agricultural productivity. Although eradicated from the United States in the 1960s through the ste...
The New World screwworm is an obligate parasitic fly and a significant economic pest of livestock in the Americas. Although eradicated from the USA using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), enhancing SIT efficiency remains a priority. A promising approach involves conditional fem...
Calliphoridae are known for their role in nutrient cycling and forensic entomology, as well as transmitting pathogens and causing myiasis. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of Calliphoridae in Campo de Santana, Rio de Janeiro, and assess their response to the type and...
Tetracycline repressible (Tet-Off) male-only sexing systems have great potential for improving the efficacy of sterile insect control programs in addition to reducing rearing cost. The relationship between insects and their microbial symbionts, as well as potential physiological...
The reemergence of the New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) poses a significant threat to animal and public health with minimal regulatory oversight. This study analyzes the potential distribution and reemergence of this pest, which is endemic to South America but was pr...
In this study, we investigated the genetic variability and population structure of the New World screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax. We tested the hypothesis that the species exhibits a center-periphery distribution of genetic variability, with higher genetic diversity in cent...
This study investigated the combined effect of trans-anethole, carvacrol and thymol on third-instar larvae of C. hominivorax. For this experiment, third-stage larvae of C. hominivorax were removed from a laboratory colony to perform an in vitro bioassay. The three volatile compou...
The aim of this work is to present a case study where the failure of IVM 3.15 % and DRM 1 % to prevent natural infestations of C. hominivorax larvae in Argentina is investigated based on field efficacy tests and a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis. Thirty male crossbre...
The term "myiasis" refers to the parasitic infestation by fly maggots in human tissue. Although cutaneous involvement is well documented, anorectal myiasis is exceedingly rare, particularly when caused by , The New World screwworm fly. We present the case of a 55-year-old male se...
The New World Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) has reemerged in Central America, posing risks to livestock and public health. Recent outbreaks highlight its northward spread, raising concerns about its potential reintroduction into Mexico. This study uses linear regression mod...
•This is a very rare case of aural diagnosed in a pediatric-traveler outside endemic area.•Unlike common travelers' myiasis, can be invasive and destructive.•Cytochrome-C oxidase-I (COI) DNA-barcoding may be a useful tool for diagnosing rare parasitosis.
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel (Diptera: Calliphoridae), was officially eliminated from Costa Rica in 2000, but it was reintroduced in 2023. A myiasis by C. hominivorax in a 71-year-old man with a 4-month history of foot hyperkeratosis and interdigital...
In Brazil, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) is the main invasive exotic species, responsible for causing various economic, environmental, and health damages to biodiversity. In view of the above, we aimed in our study to investigate the occurrence of endo and ectoparasites in free-rang...
Necrophagous insects, including flies and beetles, play pivotal roles in decomposition, ecology, and forensics. Their diversity and activities vary across environments, necessitating comprehensive studies for understanding and management. The aim of the study is to investigate in...
The blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) causes traumatic myiasis in farm animals, with deeply embedded larvae that lead to serious tissue damage and sometimes death. Treating this form of myiasis is difficult, often resulting in poor outcomes. As a homeopathic preparation that can...
In Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, a region with a subtropical climate, Rhipicephalus microplus is present in taurine cattle raised for beef and milk. In addition, ticks resistant to multiple acaricides are present in this region. Recently, fluralaner (isoxazoline) was launched on the...
The blow fly fauna of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico has been sparsely documented. This study incorporates and lists recent and historical records of blow flies from collecting trips throughout the peninsula, visits to major southern California museums for historical colle...
Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is the main causative agent of flystrike of sheep in Australia and New Zealand. Female flies lay eggs in an open wound or natural orifice, and the developing larvae eat the host's tissues, a condition called myiasis. To i...
Reemerging and notifiable diseases of cattle and bison continue to pose potential risks to their health and lives and affecting production and the livelihoods of producers. It is essential to understand the clinical presentation of these diseases to watch for possible incursions...
This study aimed to assess the influence of the presence of synanthropic flies in food preparation environments on the transmission of potentially zoonotic gastrointestinal protozoa. Flies were captured using a glass containing water, fruits, and pieces of protein. Approximately...
Patients diagnosed with cancer post-treatment are prone to have recurrent disease. Regular follow-up of these patients enables early recognition and treatment. A tissue diagnosis before starting treatment is imperative to avoid misdiagnosis and management. Given their immunosuppr...
Myiasis by (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a serious problem in animal health. Homeopathic presents similarity with the clinical presentation verified in these cases and has already shown efficacy on the blowfly that causes this pathology. This article presents the report of a ser...
Transgenic insect strains with tetracycline repressible (Tet-Off) female-lethal genes provide significant advantages over traditional sterile insect techniques for insect population control, such as reduced diet and labor costs and more efficient population suppression. Tet-Off s...
Little is known about parasites in wild mammals kept as pets. For this study, fecal and skin/fur samples and ectoparasites from 55 wild and pet mammals attended at a veterinary clinic were evaluated. Opossums (Didelphis albiventris and Didelphis aurita) were parasitized by helmin...
Tail docking is a husbandry practice widely incorporated in sheep farms around the world. It is an irreversible mutilation that impairs animal welfare, both immediately and in the longer term. The defence of tail docking as a practice is centred around the perception that doing s...
This study describes the effectiveness of a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient, fluralaner (isoxazoline class), against important ectoparasites infesting cattle in Brazil. A total of 13 studies involving a 5% fluralaner-based pour-on formulation (Exzolt 5%; further referred t...
Cochliomyia hominivorax, from the family Calliphoridae, is responsible for causing most myiases in domesticated animals in Brazil. As alternatives to conventional treatments, essential oils (EOs) could possibly be used as natural control of ectoparasites. The aim of this study wa...
The New World screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is widely distributed across South America. This parasitic insect is a significant cause of primary myiasis in animals, including dogs. There is an urgent need for a rapid and efficient treatment to improve the recovery of aff...
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, causes myiasis in livestock, humans, and other warm-blooded animals in much of South America and the Caribbean. It has been eradicated from North and Central America using the sterile insect technique and a biological barrier is c...
New World screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), are obligate parasites of warm-blooded animals. They were eradicated from North and Central America during the mid-20th to early-21st centuries using the sterile insect technique (SIT), a method presently employed to...
The most important contribution of forensic entomology is the estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) or time since death. The forensic entomologist assumes that the biological clock of necrophagous insects that develop by feeding on cadaver tissues begins when the victim's b...
Fatal poisonings with diazinon may occur both accidentally or intentionally in suicide cases. Forensic entomotoxicology can aid in understanding these deaths by detecting and analyzing the interference of toxic substances in the biology of necrophagous insects. Hence, this study...
Myiases are parasitic infections caused by the larval stages of some fly species. In American nonhuman primates (NHP), three bot fly species causing cutaneous myiasis have been reported: Cuterebra baeri, Cochliomyia hominivorax, and Dermatobia hominis. Studies on myiasis in NHP a...
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is a major parasite that causes myiasis in livestock, humans, and other warm-blooded animals in the western hemisphere. There is a permanent biological border that is maintained between Panama and Colombia, as it has been eradicat...
The New World Screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Calliphoridae), is the most important myiasis-causing species in America. Screwworm myiasis is a zoonosis that can cause severe lesions in livestock, domesticated and wild animals, and occasionally in people. Beyond the sanitary p...
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is an obligate parasite, which is a major pest of livestock. While the sterile insect technique was used very successfully to eradicate C. hominivorax from North and Central America, more cost-effective genetic methods will likely...
Myiasis is an ectoparasitic infection caused by the larvae of true flies (Diptera). We came across a rather rare case of myiasis in an immunocompetent 34-year-old man from French Guiana with advanced wound myiasis masquerading as cavitary myiasis and a history of cholesteatoma su...
The determination of the synanthropic index is essential to evaluate the degree of association between species, such as diptera and man, based solely on their degree of preference for urban areas. This research aimed to study the synanthropic behavior of Calliphoridae and Mesembr...
Myiasis by (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a serious problem in animal health in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Ointment-type preparations are a good option of formulation in cases of myiasis in farm and pet animals. and have already shown efficacy on . This article describes...
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel 1858) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is a serious parasite of livestock, humans, and other warm-blooded animals. It has been eradicated from the northern parts of its historical range down to the Panama-Colombian border where...
Insect population control through continual releases of large numbers of sterile insects, called sterile insect technique (SIT), is only possible if one can mass-rear large quantities of healthy insects. Adaptation of insect stocks to rearing conditions and artificial feeding sys...
Rainfall incidence as a risk factor for umbilical myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax in newborn beef cattle and the preventive and curative efficacies of injectable and topical products against its larvae were evaluated. The prevalence of navel myiasis did not differ between sex,...
Myiasis is an infestation by fly larvae. Some species exclusively affect humans, contaminating wounds, mucous membranes, and other tissues. It is a disease with marked socioeconomic connotations. The current case involves a 95-year-old woman, an inhabitant of the Andean region of...
Giant otters are territorial semi-aquatic mammals. It is common to find several individuals exhibiting wounds and scars due to intraspecific conflicts. Myiasis is a parasitic infestation on living tissues of vertebrates caused by dipterous larvae, that usually develops in freshly...
Blowflies are of interest for medical applications (maggot therapy), forensic investigations, and for evolutionary developmental studies such as the evolution of parasitism. It is because of the latter that some blowflies such as the New World screwworm and the Australian sheep b...
is the dipteran that causes the worst and most serious types of myiasis in animals and humans in the Americas. The data described here show the effects of a commercial product formulated on the basis of citronella essential oil nanoemulsified (Nano Citronela Plus®) directly on eg...
The evolution of obligate ectoparasitism in blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) has intrigued scientists for over a century, and surprisingly, the genetics underlying this lifestyle remain largely unknown. Blowflies use odors to locate food and oviposition sites; therefore, olfact...
Myiasis is an emerging disease caused by tissue invasion of dipteran larvae. In Uruguay, Cochliomyia hominivorax and Dermatobia hominis are the most frequent species. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and the follow-up of children < 15...
Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are highly invasive and threaten animal and human health in the Americas. The screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) is listed by the World Organization for Animal Health as a notifiable infestation because myiasis cases affect livestock, wildlife, and human...
The Oestroidea superfamily is characterized by the diversity of feeding preferences among closely-related species; these flies are saprophagous, obligate parasites, or facultative parasites. We used gene expression and coding sequence data from five species (Cochliomyia hominivor...
New World screwworm (NWS) myiasis is an infestation by Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae that consume the living tissue of warm-blooded animals, including humans. Domestic dogs are among the potential hosts of these flies that lay their eggs on the edges of wounds. NWS myiasis cases...
The sterile insect technique (SIT), an environmentally friendly means of control, is currently used against plant, animal, and human pests under the area-wide integrated pest management. It consists in the mass production, sterilization, and release of insects in an affected area...
In the One Health scenario, a deep understanding of the dynamics potentially threatening the development and implementation of useful pest and vector management tools is of key importance. The New World screwworm fly, (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is characterized by a wi...
The screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), was successfully eradicated from the United States by the sterile insect technique (SIT). However, recent detection of these flies in the Florida Keys, and increased risk of introductions to the other areas warrant novel tool...
The emergence of insecticide resistance is a fast-paced example of the evolutionary process of natural selection. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of resistance in the myiasis-causing fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to dimethyl-organophospha...
For genetic approaches for controlling insect pests such as the sterile insect technique (SIT), it is advantageous to release only males as females are ineffective as control agents and they consume about 50% of the diet. Here we developed tetracycline-repressible Lucilia cuprina...
Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae cause myiasis in animals and humans. To register a commercial product to control this dipteran is necessary to experiment on animals. The in vitro test was standardized to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of commercial topical products. Five formula...
This paper reports for the first time in Colombia, two myasis cases caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in stray dogs. Clinical examination of both patients revealed fever and a large wound at the palpebral level on the right side, and multiple perforating wounds in the right poste...
We review epidemiological and clinical data on human myiasis from Ecuador, based on data from the Ministry of Public Health (MPH) and a review of the available literature for clinical cases. The larvae of four flies, Dermatobia hominis, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Sarcophaga haemorr...
The New World Screwworm fly (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax, is an ectoparasite of warm-blooded animals and a major pest of livestock in parts of South America and the Caribbean where it remains endemic. In North and Central America it was eradicated using the Sterile Insect Techn...
Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) has been considered the most important cause of myiasis in animals in the South America with most cases being recorded in cattle. In Brazil, the risk of myiasis in swine population is underestimated, leading to difficulties in the...
The New World screwworm (NWS) fly, (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is an economically important ectoparasite currently distributed in South America and in the Caribbean basin. The successful eradication of this species in USA, Mexico and continental Central America was achieved by a c...
The New World Screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is a major pest of livestock in South America and Caribbean. However, few genomic resources have been available for this species. A genome of 534 Mb was assembled from long read PacBio DNA sequencing of DNA from a highly inbre...
Myiasis is a disease caused by the infestation of human tissue by the larval stage of various flies. It has been identified in sub-Saharan Africa and in tropical parts of the Americas. Cases have also been identified among travelers returning to the United States. Infestations ma...
Miasis is the infestation of man and animals by larvae of flies belonging to the order Diptera, suborder Cyclorrapha. Eighty percent of miasis in Argentina is caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax, a species that induces pronounced tissue invasion and destruction, and results in seve...
and are major pests of livestock. Their larvae infest warm-blooded vertebrates and feed on host's tissues, resulting in severe industry losses. As they are serious pests, considerable effort has been made to develop genomic resources and functional tools aiming to improve their...
On September 30, 2016, the US National Veterinary Services Laboratory confirmed an autochthonous case of New World screwworm infestation in a Key deer () from Big Pine Key, Fla. This case marked the first identification of a sustained and reproducing population of New World screw...
The New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) is an obligate parasite that affects warm-blooded animals. It causes myiasis in livestock and humans, which is a problem for animal production and public health. The health and economic burden of myiasis on livestock production is...
Before its eradication from North America, the subtropical-tropical new world screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) invaded southwestern temperate areas of the U.S.A., where it caused myiasis in wildlife and livestock. Outbreaks of the fly occurred during years when ad...
Myiasis is an infestation caused by larvae of Diptera in humans and other vertebrates. In domestic cats, Felis silvestris catus L. (Carnivora: Felidae), four dipteran families have been reported as agents of obligatory and facultative myiasis: Oestridae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagi...
Pin-site myiasis is an underreported complication of surgical interventions. We present a case of myiasis caused by the New World screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) in a pin site of a chronic nonhealed wound 12 years after the intervention. This infection apparently was the...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the larval expulsion, larvicidal effect, retention rate of dead larvae and overall efficacy of sarolaner on the treatment of myiasis caused by New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax in naturally infested dogs. Eight Beagle dogs received...
is the major fly causing primary myiasis in livestock animals in Brazil; its larvae develop in the host's living tissues, causing mutilations, which can even lead to death. In conventional treatments of myiasis, chemo-synthetic insecticides have been employed directly on larvae p...
In southern South America, namely Argentina and Chile, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) is the main myiasic agent on humans and domestic animals. The distribution pattern of the species is poorly known and the southern limit of its geographic distribution is unclear. The aims o...
Myasis is the infestation by fly larvae (Diptera) in live vertebrates including humans. Myasis has been reported most commonly in tropical and subtropical areas around the world with poor sanitation and presence of cattle. Neonatal umbilical myiasis is an important cause of death...
Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858), the New World screwworm, causes primary myiasis in wild and domestic animals in tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil. Although this species is considered to occur throughout the country, organized information about its recorded dist...
The New World screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is an important livestock pest endemic to the Americas that has been eradicated from North and continental Central America with a control program based on the Sterile Insect Technique (S...
Cutaneous screw-worm myiasis in companion animals either due to the New World screw-worm, Cochliomyia hominivorax or the Old World screw-worm, Chrysomya bezziana, has been reported particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Although treatment of screw-worm myi...
Canine screw-worm myiasis due to Cochliomyia hominivorax or Chrysomya bezziana has traditionally been treated with extra-label use of ivermectin. The larvicidal activities of nitenpyram and spinosad/milbemycin also have been described, but there have been no reports to describe t...
The success of the Screwworm Eradication Program is due to continuous mass rearing and dispersal of large numbers of competitive sterile flies in the field. Spray-dried powders of whole bovine blood, chicken egg, and milk substitute constituted the nutritional components of the t...
New World screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel 1858) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is a myiasis-causing fly that can be a serious threat to the health of livestock, wildlife, and humans. Its progressive eradication from the southern United States, Mexico, and Central Am...
Eradicating screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), from continental North American via the sterile insect technique has provided huge economic benefit to livestock producers by eliminating screwworm myiasis. After confirmatory identification of fly samples from infested d...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall efficacy, larval expulsion and larvicidal effect of spinosad on the treatment of myiasis caused by New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax in naturally infested dogs. Six Beagle dogs presenting with myiasis were treated on...
Infestations caused by fly larvae (Myiasis) have been observed in patients with risk factors and in tropical zones. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of obligatory myiasis, as well as...
Effects of mosquito control adulticides on sterile screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), were investigated via bottle bioassays, outdoor cage tests, and exposure to treated vegetation. In bottle bioassays, 43 μg of permethrin via dilution o...
Although wound or traumatic myiasis is common in tropical countries, only recently cases associated with underlying dermatoses, such as seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis, have been reported. We describe a patient with seborrheic dermatitis and an ulcerated lesion on the scalp,...
The present work consisted of eight studies to evaluate the ectoparasiticidal spectrum and determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of a pour-on combination of fipronil 1.25mg/kg+fluazuron 2.5mg/kg for cattle against Rhipicephalus microplus, Haematobia irritans and the larvae of...
This study describes 9 cases of myiasis affecting the head and neck region and discusses the demographic distribution, treatment, clinical characteristics, and sequelae of the disease in light of the literature. The study was performed in 2 steps. In the first part, 9 cases seen...
One limitation of the widely used RNA-seq method is that long transcripts are represented by more reads than shorter transcripts, resulting in a biased estimation of expression levels. The 3' RNA-seq method, which yields only one sequence per transcript, bypasses this limitation....
Most breast cancers originate in the ductal epithelium and are referred to as invasive ductal carcinoma. In this study we report on the clinical procedures adopted to diagnose myiasis in association with infiltrating metastatic breast carcinoma in a female patient. A 41 years old...
Larvae (maggots) of Cochliomyia hominivorax, the New World Screwworm fly, are voracious consumers of living flesh that have a negative economic impact by decreasing productivity, predisposing to other pathogens, and, in severe cases, causing death of domestic livestock. Screwworm...
Myiasis is an infestation of tissues and organs of humans and animals by Diptera larvae (flies, horseflies, mosquitoes). They are located at different body sites, and classified clinically as cutaneous, visceral and cavitary. We report a 26-year-old woman with a history of seborr...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that modulate gene expression through post-transcriptional regulation. Here, we report the identification and characterization of miRNAs in two closely related screwworm flies with different feeding habits: Cochliomyia hominivorax and C...
Volatile chemicals from waste artificial larval media as well as from bovine blood inoculated with bacteria isolated from screwworm-infested wounds attract gravid females of Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel and Cochliomyia macellaria (F.). Chemicals identified from volatiles are...
The sterile insect technique is used by the Comisión Panamá - Estados Unidos para la Erradicación y Prevención del Gusano Barrenador del Ganado (COPEG) to maintain a barrier at the border of Panama and Colombia to prevent screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), from South...
The Primary screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), is a serious pest feeding on living flesh of any warm-blooded animal, including humans. It was eradicated from the United States in the early 1980s using the sterile male technique. However, it was recently detected in po...
Cutaneous myiasis is the infestation of the skin or mucous membranes by larvae of the order Diptera. Wound myiasis affect the skin with a previous lesion, and it may consume both dead and living tissue. Finger infestation is rarely a cause of death, but it may provoke considerabl...
Release of sterile insects, the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), can be an extremely effective and precise method of pest control. A study in BMC Biology from the New World screwworm SIT program and others shows that modern genetic methods can provide major improvements even to th...
The aim of this article is to present a rare case of myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis. Myiasis is a disease caused by invasion of tissues of animals and humans by larval stages of dipterous (2-winged) flies. There are few reports of oral myiasis in the literature, mostly rela...
The sterile insect technique (SIT) was developed to eradicate the new world screwworm from the southern United States and Mexico, and became a component of many area-wide integrated pest management programs, particularly useful in managing tephritid fruit flies. SIT is based on t...
True flies are insects of the order Diptera and encompass one of the most diverse groups of animals on Earth. Within dipterans, Schizophora represents a recent radiation of insects that was used as a model to develop a pipeline for generating complete mitogenomes using various se...
Mass production, sterilization, and release of screwworms (Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel)) that were competitive in the field significantly contributed to the successful application of the sterile insect technique for eradication of screwworms from continental North America....
The New World Screwworm (NWS), , is a pest insect that is endemic to subtropical and tropical regions of the Western Hemisphere. The female lays eggs in open wounds or orifices of warm-blooded animals. Upon hatching, the resulting larvae feed upon the host׳s living tissues, which...
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is a devastating pest of livestock endemic to subtropical and tropical regions of the Western hemisphere. The larvae of this species feed on the tissue of living animals, including man, and can cause death if untreated. Over 60 ye...
Bovine blood inoculated and incubated with bacteria was tested to determine if secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.), would be attracted to the incubated substrate for oviposition. Five species of bacteria, Klebsiella oxytoca (Flugge), Proteus mirabilis Hauser, Proteus...
Cochliomyia Townsend includes several abundant and one of the most broadly distributed, blow flies in the Americas, and is of significant economic and forensic importance. For decades, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) and Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) have received attenti...
Traumatic myiasis, the parasitic infestation by fly larvae in traumatic lesions of the tissues of living vertebrates, is a serious medical condition in humans and a welfare and economic issue in domestic animals. New molecular studies are providing insights into its evolution and...
Cochliomyia hominivorax, the New World screwworm, was a serious livestock pest in the southern United States until the 1960s, when it was successfully eradicated by the release of sterile male flies. It remains endemic in parts of the Caribbean and South America, and there is con...
Spray-dried whole bovine blood, dry poultry egg, and a dry milk substitute are the constituents of the artificial diet currently used for mass rearing screwworm larvae, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Due to high cost and uncertainty of the commercial...
The sheep blowfly, Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae), causes sheep myiasis in various parts of the world. Female flies are attracted to sheep following various olfactory cues emanating from the sheep's body, and oviposit on suitable substrates on sheep ultimately c...
The availability of complete mitochondrial genome (mtgenome) data for Diptera, one of the largest metazoan orders, in public databases is limited. The advent of high throughput sequencing technology provides the potential to generate mtgenomes for many species affordably and quic...
New World screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858), were once devastating pests of warm-blooded animals in the United States before they were successfully eradicated using the sterile insect technique. Guarding against the introduction of screwworms to North America o...
The New World screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, and the Australian sheep blow fly, Lucilia cuprina, are major pests of livestock. The sterile insect technique was used to eradicate C. hominivorax from North and Central America. This involved area-wide releases of male and f...
Myiasis is caused by dipterous larvae from the Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae, Cuterebridae, and Syrphidae families. In this work, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Chrysomya megacephala, and Ornidia robusta were identified causing vulva, ear, and leg myiasis in pigs in Tucuman pr...
The present work aimed to evaluate, through ten different studies, the therapeutic efficacy of a new pour-on formulation, containing 1.5 per cent ivermectin +0.5 per cent abamectin, against parasites of cattle. Results obtained on trials against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplu...
Myiasis is a parasitic disease caused by developing maggots of fly species, which can infect humans. Patients with special needs, especially those with severe neuropsychomotor limitations, may have oral manifestations of this disease. Here, we present a clinical case in which a d...
Livestock production is an important economic activity in Brazil, which has been suffering significant losses due to the impact of parasites. The New World screwworm (NWS) fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is an ectoparasite and one of the most important myiasis-causing flies endemic...
The New World screwworm (NWS) Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) is one of the major myiasis-causing flies that injures livestock and leads to losses of ~US$ 2.7 billions/year in the Neotropics. Ivermectin (IVM), a macrocyclic lactone (ML), is the most used preventive insecticide...
The myiasis causing New World screwworm (NWS) fly is responsible for substantial losses to livestock breeders in the Americas. Due to the negative impact of the NWS fly in animal health, expansion of successful NWS fly eradication programmes is under discussion. However, the effe...
Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) is a myiasis fly that causes economic losses to livestock farmers in warmer American regions. Previous studies of this pest had found population structure at north and south of the Amazon Basin, which was considered to be a barrier to dispersal....
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have supported a Co-ordinated Research Project (CRP) on 'Applying GIS and population genetics for managing livestock insect pests'. This six-year CRP (2008-2013) fo...
Gravid screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), are attracted to the volatiles from waste larval rearing media to deposit eggs. Studies were conducted to identify volatile chemicals from the waste larval media and determine their effectiveness to attract gravid flies...
There are only three fly species that are obligate agents of traumatic myiasis of humans and livestock: a single species of flesh fly, Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Sarcophagidae), and two species of blow flies, Chrysomya bezziana and Cochliomyia hominivorax (Calliphoridae). The morphol...
To assess Australia's targeted surveillance to detect an incursion of screw-worm fly (Chrysomya bezziana). A multi-criteria analysis shell was used to combine data on potential pathways of entry, availability of host species and environmental factors affecting survival of screw-w...
The genera Cochliomyia and Chrysomya contain both obligate and saprophagous flies, which allows the comparison of different feeding habits between closely related species. Among the different strategies for comparing these habits is the use of qPCR to investigate the expression l...
The larval phase of Cochliomyia hominivorax (screwworm) is an obligate parasite of vertebrate animals, particularly mammals, and widespread in South America, where it remains one of the most important parasitic diseases of domestic animals. The skin of cattle highly infested by t...
Myiasis is usually caused by flies of the Calliphoridae family, and Cochliomyia hominivorax is the etiological agent most frequently found in myiasis. The first case of myiasis in a diabetic foot of a 54-year-old male patient in Argentina is reported. The patient attended the hos...
The New World screwworm and the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina are devastating pests of livestock. The larvae of these species feed on the tissue of the living animal and can cause death if untreated. The sterile insect technique or SIT was used to eradicate screwworm f...
The Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) is a major pest of sheep in Australia and New Zealand. From the 1960s to the 1980s there was a major effort to develop "field female killing" or FFK strains of L. cuprina that could be used for a cost-effective genetic cont...
The profitability of livestock activities can be diminished significantly by the effects of parasites. Economic losses caused by cattle parasites in Brazil were estimated on an annual basis, considering the total number of animals at risk and the potential detrimental effects of...
This article presents a historical perspective on agroterrorism cases from 1945 until 2012. The threat groups and perpetrators associated with bio- and agroterrorism are clustered into several groups: apocalyptic sects, lone wolves, political groups, and religious groups. We used...
The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the eukaryotic ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cluster plays an essential role in processing of the ribosomal RNA, which is primarily accomplished by the secondary structures acquired by the molecule after transcription. Two possible structural co...
Published bi- and tri-trophic physiologically based demographic system models having similar sub components are used to assess prospectively the geographic distributions and relative abundance (a measure of invasiveness) of six invasive herbivorous insect species across the Unite...
Larvae of the secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.), feed on carrion and may sometimes cause animal myiasis. They have been reared in the laboratory on various animal tissues to study their growth and development because of their importance in forensic science. We use...
The screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is one of the most devastating arthropod pests of livestock in the Western Hemisphere. Early instars are very difficult to distinguish morphologically from several closely related blow fly species. Random...
Insect pest phylogeography might be shaped both by biogeographic events and by human influence. Here, we conducted an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analysis to investigate the phylogeography of the New World screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, with the aim of underst...
Transformer (TRA) promotes female development in several dipteran species including the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina, the Mediterranean fruit fly, housefly and Drosophila melanogaster. tra transcripts are sex-specifically spliced such that only the female form encodes...
Although many tropical insects carry infectious diseases, cutaneous injury can occur by other mechanisms, for example erucism (envenomation by caterpillars) or lepidopterism (dermatitis from moths). Pararama is a unique form of erucism seen in workers in contact with rubber trees...
The New World Screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), is one of the most damaging parasites of livestock, causing millions of dollars in annual losses to producers. The fly is an obligate parasite of warm-blooded animals, including humans. After a successful 50-year eradic...
The screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), remains one of the most damaging parasites of livestock in South America, causing millions of dollars in annual losses to producers. Recently, South American countries demonstrated interest in controlling this pest using the Ster...
The waste artificial larval rearing media of New World screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) were evaluated to determine their effectiveness as oviposition attractants. Various concentrations of waste larval media resulting from rearing screwworm larvae in gel and cellul...
Myiasis is the invasion of living tissue of humans and other mammals by eggs or maggots of flies of the order of Diptera. It occurs mainly in the Tropics and is associated with inadequate public and personal hygiene. Oral myiases in an older man appears to be rare. To relate a ca...
This work describes a severe case of myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) in a 59-year-old patient living in an urban area of São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro. The patient had an open wound on the right shoulder parasitized by 287 larvae. In order to remove the larvae, the wo...
Cases of myiasis in man associated with preexisting lesions are quite common. However, in the forensic field, certain behavioral habits related to insects may be useful to ratify mistreatment. This is a register of a case of oral myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calli...
The objective of this study was to characterize, structurally and ultrastructurally, the spermatozoa of the screwworm flies Cochliomyia hominivorax and Cochliomyia macellaria. To visualize the ultrastructure of microtubules and identify basic proteins, techniques such as the tann...
Human myiasis is a rare condition that is more common in regions with a warm and humid climate. The larvae involved in myiasis are voracious; they destroy healthy tissues and may cause serious haemorrhage. The condition can be life threatening. Six patients with craniofacial trau...
Myiasis is the infestation of tissues and organs of animals and humans caused by the larvae of certain dipteran flies. It is more common in undeveloped and tropical countries and usually affects elderly patients, persons who are sick, and patients with mental illness. Oral myiasi...
The phylogeographical history of the pest fly screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), was studied using partial mitochondrial DNA sequences of the control region, Cytochrome c oxidase (CO) subunit I and CO subunit II from 361 individuals collected across its current geogra...
Spray-dried whole bovine blood and a sodium polyacrylate polymer gel as a bulking and solidifying agent are among the constituents of the current larval diet for mass rearing screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Locally available, inexpensive di...
Altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been identified in numerous arthropod species resistant to organophosphate (OP) and carbamate insecticides. The New World screwworm (NWS) Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), one of the most important myiasis-causing flies in the Neotropics,...
Myiasis is the infestation of living vertebrates by fly larvae that feed for at least part of their development on the host's dead or living tissues, body substances, or ingested food. The occurrences of traumatic myiasis in humans and animals in urban and rural environments repr...
Myiases are infestations with dipteran larvae in both necrosed and living tissues, the food source of these insects. These illnesses occur in warm humid climates, and are most frequent in developing countries. We assessed the epidemiological aspects and the influence of climate o...
This study was carried out between July 2007 and June 2008 and reports on the occurrence of human myiasis caused by the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in São Gonçalo in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Liquid or solid vaseline...
In April 2009, a wild maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus, was captured in an area of cerrado in Brasília, DF, Brazil, with screw worm maggots in external wounds. Fifty larvae were bred in the laboratory and eight adults of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) emerged 10 days after p...
The mitochondrial DNA of the cattle grub Hypoderma lineatum (de Villers) (Diptera: Oestridae) was completely sequenced. The entire molecule was 16,354 bp long and presented a heavy bias towards A + T, which accounted for 77.8% of the whole genome. Hypoderma lineatum genes were or...
The purpose of our study was to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of nitenpyram for the treatment of screwworm myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in naturally infested dogs. Seven Beagle dogs presenting with myiasis were treated with nitenpyram twice at an interval of 6 h....
Myiasis is derived from the Greek word, myia, meaning fly. The term was first introduced by Hope in 1840 and refers to the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous (two-winged) larvae (maggots) which, at least for a certain period, feed on the host's dead o...
Bovine blood inoculated with bacteria isolated from screwworm [Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)]-infested animal wounds was tested as an attractant for oviposition for gravid screwworms. Eight species of gram-negative coliform (Enterobacteriaceae) bacte...
Accidental oral myiasis are caused by ingestion of fly's eggs or direct oviposition over a compromised area of the host. Here the authors report 2 cases of accidental oral myiasis caused by direct oviposition over an edentulous area in the first patient and in the periodontium in...
The New World Screwworm (NWS) fly Cochliomyia hominivorax is one of most important myiasis-causing flies in the Neotropics. It is responsible for severe losses to the livestock industry through both mortality and the loss of productivity of infested animals. In Uruguay, NWS repre...
This paper reports five cases of intact adult male crossbreed cats presenting with myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax. Three were stray animals that died despite treatment due to the severity of lesions while two were client-owned cats previously treated with cryosurgery w...
Cochliomyia hominivorax and Cochliomyia macellaria are endemic Neotropical Calliphoridae species. The former causes severe myiasis in hosts while the latter is Sarcosaprophagous, but commonly found as a second invader in wounds. Due to the morphological similarity between them an...
The New World screw-worm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax, is one of the most important myiasis-causing flies, causing severe losses to the livestock industry. In its current geographical distribution, this species has been controlled by the application of insecticides, mainly orga...
The authors report a 9-day old neonate from a rural area with umbilical myiasis caused by fly larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax. The blowfly causing this infestation belongs to the family Calliphoridae (Diptera) and the genus Cochliomyia that usually infests only open wounds of a...
Cochliomyia hominivorax causes 80% of human myiasis in Argentina. Nowadays, its geographic distribution covers tropical South America and an important region of Argentina. In the present report, two clinical cases of otomyiasis by C. hominivorax in pediatric patients assisted at...
Monthly collections were made using two traps 5 m apart exposed for 48h, containing sardines and installed at points: A at the edge (500 m from the entrance of the Reserve); B 1200 m from the entrance and 1000 m inside the forest; and C 1700 m from the entrance and 500 m inside t...
Three cases of external ophthalmomyiasis are reported here. The larvae were identified to be Oestrus ovis in two cases and Cochliomyia hominivorax in one. Two of the patients were immunocompetent while one was undergoing treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of eyelid. In the lat...
We used an expressed sequence tag and 454 pyrosequencing approach to initiate a study of the genome of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Two normalized cDNA libraries were constructed from RNA isolated from embryos and second instar larva...
Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae are known for their parasitic habit in living vertebrates, causing considerable economic losses to livestock industry. This ectoparasite has been controlled mainly by applying insecticides, but this method usually results in the selection of resista...
The global malaria situation, especially in Africa, and the problems frequently encountered in chemical control of vectors such as insecticide resistance, emphasize the urgency of research, development and implementation of new vector control technologies that are applicable at r...
Human myiasis is the parasitism of human tissues by fly larvae. Diagnoses are based on clinical pattern of tissue damage and presence of insect stages. Herein, a case myiasis is described in a seven-year-old female child. She presented with fever associated with abscessed scalp l...
Bioassays of six racemic synthesized candidate sex pheromone compounds against male New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) flies showed that the most potent bioactivity was found with 6-acetoxy-19-methylnonacosane and 7-acetoxy-15-methylnonacosane compared with fo...
Pradel model mark-release-recapture estimates of survivorship, phi, recruitment, f, and the rate of density-independent population growth, lambda, are presented for eight mark-recapture studies of the screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Cost...
The geographical distribution and seasonality of the New World screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel (Diptera: Calliphoridae), were monitored through the use of sentinel animals as part of a co-ordinated programme involving veterinarians and farmers, as well as underg...
The New World screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), was the first insect to be effectively controlled using the sterile insect technique (SIT). Recent efforts to improve SIT control of this species have centred on the development of genetic...
Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is one of the most important myiasis-causing flies and is responsible for severe economic losses to the livestock industry throughout the Neotropical region. A polytene chromosome map is an invaluable tool for the geneti...
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is one of the most important myiasis-causing flies in South America. It is responsible for severe economic losses to livestock producers, mainly because it causes mortality in newborn calves and...
Wohlfahrt's wound myiasis fly, Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), is the most important cause of traumatic myiasis in the southern Palaearctic region. Larval stages are obligate parasites and the wounds caused by infestations are very similar to those cause...
Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), the New World screwworm fly, is an important agent of traumatic myiasis, which is endemic in the Neotropical region and which has great economic impact on the development of the livestock industry. International efforts...
Diseases affecting livestock can have a significant impact on animal productivity and on trade of live animals, meat and other animal products, which, consequently, affects the overall process of economic development. The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (D...
Larval infestations of the New World screwworm (NWS) fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, cause considerable economic losses through the direct mortality and reduced production of livestock. Since the 1950s, NWS populations in North and Central America have been the target of virtually...
New World screwworm populations in North and Central America have been the targets of virtually continuous eradication attempts by sterile insect technique (SIT) since the 1950s. Nevertheless, in some areas, such as Jamaica, SIT control programmes have failed. Reasons for the fai...
The economic devastation caused in the past by the New World screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to the livestock industry in the U.S.A., Mexico and the rest of Central America was staggering. The eradication of this major livestock pest from...
The term myiasis is applied to the injurious action that larvae of certain diptera cause to the organism of vertebrate animals in the living or dead tissue in which they grow. Because of its great destructive potential, appropriate and preventative treatment are necessary. Among...
The objective of this study was to show which species of flies are responsible for human myiasis in the Brazilian state of Goiás and to determine the frequency of cases. Patients at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG) were examined, and any fly larvae f...
Myiasis is the condition resulting from the invasion of tissues or organs of man or animals by dipterous larvae. The blowflies (Calliphoridae) of Argentina comprise several species that may cause myiasis by colonizing wounds or infected body orifices, and one specific parasite: C...
The effects of dietary pH and viscosity on larval development of the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), were studied in the laboratory using a gel-based and a cellulose fiber-based media. The mean initial pH of the standard gelled di...
Morphologically, early immature stages of the economically important pest called screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and non-pest secondary screwworms, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), are nearly indistinguishable....
Myiasis is the infestation of tissues and organs of animals and humans by certain dipteran fly larvae. This phenomenon is well-documented, especially among animals and people in tropical and subtropical areas. Oral myiasis is a rare condition that can be caused by several species...
Larvae of 13 blowfly species from Colombia are described and an illustrated key for all them is presented. All larval instars of Calliphora nigribasis Macquart, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Hemilucilia segm...
Pin-site myiasis is a rare complication of external fixation of open fractures of the tibia. Case report and literature review. A 32 year-old man with a history of alcohol and drug abuse presented with an open fracture of the middle third of the fibula and tibia (Gustilo type III...
Oral myiasis is usually caused by flies of the order Diptera. One of the causes of human myiasis is Cochliomyia hominivorax, which is a true obligate parasite of mammals. A case of oral myiasis in a 5-year-old girl is reported. She presented with a swelling on the hard palate acc...
Human myiasis is characterized by larval infestation of body tissues or cavities of live individuals. Although most frequently observed in underdeveloped and tropical countries, reports of human myiasis have been encountered throughout the world. Conventional treatment is the mec...
Climate strongly affects agriculture and livestock production and influences animal diseases, vectors and pathogens, and their habitat. Global warming trends predicted in the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change (IPCC) report for South America are likely to change the...
Experiments were done to determine if transporting live screwworms Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel (Diptera: Calliphoridae) for developing new strains from countries where foot-and-mouth disease and classical swine fever are endemic, to the mass rearing facilities in Mexico and...
In the period of May to August of 2005, 19 ostrich's farms were visited in the semi-arid area of the Irecê, Bahia, in order to describe the ectoparasites. The African Black ostriches were reared in intensive system, and distributed for age group, in colonies, trio, couple or crác...
The southern cattle tick, Rhip,cephalus (Boophilus) microplus, the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, and the New World screwworm, Cochl,omyia hominivorax, are economically important parasites of cattle throughout the world. Understanding the biology and genomics of these pests is cr...
Polyester pad was utilized as solid support for rearing Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel larvae in liquid diet and compared with the ground meat diet. There were no significant differences in the mean third instar larvae and pupal weights, number of pupae, emergence and rearing e...
We present the results of a study on myiasis in Panama during the first years of a Cochliomyia hominivorax eradication program (1998-2005), with the aim of investigating the behavior of the flies that produce myiasis in animals and human beings. The hosts that registered positive...
Cochliomyia hominivorax infestation in domestic cats of an urban colony in the city of Rio de Janeiro is described. The overall prevalence over the period 2001-2005 was 12.5%. Only adult cats were found infested and among these, most cases were observed in males (28%) (p < or = 0...
Five novel homologous acetate derivatives of long-chain secondary alcohols and a related ketone were tested for their efficacy as contact mating stimulants for Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Full copulatory behaviour at a high percentage was found in t...
Field studies were conducted in Mexico to investigate the possibility of replacing sentinel animals as baits for female New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) with a synthetic odour-bait composed of compounds identified from wounds infeste...
A highly absorbent cellulose fiber from recycled paper was tested and compared with a polyacrylate gelling agent, Aquatain, normally used for bulking and solidifying larval rearing medium of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The absorbent fib...
The new-world screw-worm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is an obligate ectoparasite of domestic and wild animals, and in some cases may affect humans. Myiasis in the human neonatal period is a rare occurrence and almost exclusively found in neotropic areas. Although umbilical myia...
This was a descriptive epidemiological study with the aim of evaluating the occurrence of human myiasis in urban areas of four municipalities in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Seventy-one patients who spontaneously sought attendance at primary healthcare units between October 1999...
We describe 2 patients with severe orbital myiasis due to Cochliomyia hominivorax (of the order Diptera and the family Calliphoridae) who had underlying skin carcinomas and were treated with oral ivermectin and debridement. We suggest that ivermectin plays an important role in th...
Cochliomyia hominivorax (Calliphoridae) is one of the most important myiasis-causing flies and is responsible for severe economic losses to the livestock industry throughout the Neotropical region. In Brazil, C. hominivorax has been controlled mainly with organophosphate (OP) ins...
The eradication of parasitic diseases is not a new concept. The most successful programs of parasite eradication have occurred with species of veterinary importance. The first such program, the eradication of Texas Cattle Fever from the United States, is one of the great success...
"Myiasis-causing flies" is a generic term that includes species from numerous dipteran families, mainly Calliphoridae and Oestridae, of which blowflies, screwworm flies and botflies are among the most important. This group of flies is characterized by the ability of their larvae...
The captures occurred between January and December of 2004 in urban area in the city of Nova Iguaçu, the rural area of the city of Seropédica and in a forest area in the Biological Reserve of the Tinguá, Nova Iguaçu State of Rio de Janeiro. The total of 1,528 larvae of Cochliomyi...
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel, is mass reared for screwworm eradication initiatives that use the sterile insect technique. New methods for rearing have helped to reduce the cost of the eradication program. We examined the effect and interaction of thre...
A case of anterior internal ophthalmomyiasis is described. A 27-year-old female from Northern Brazil presenting with anterior uveitis and vitritis had a fly larva surgically removed from the anterior chamber of the left eye. The species was Cochliomyia hominivorax. The larva was...
The New Word screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel 1858) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is one of the most important insect pests of livestock in the Neotropical region. In this work, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA...
Genetically modified, mass reared insects present novel possibilities for the future of insect control. One concern about manipulation of insects is a possible loss of strain quality due to the introduction of a foreign gene of any sort into the insect genome. Eight transgenic st...
Ivermectin is a synthetic derivative of the antiparasitic class of compounds known as avermectins. It is a macrolide endectocide with activity against both endoparasites with cutaneous tropism (Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma braziliense, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Dermatobi...
Abstract The larval stages of the fly Cochliomyia hominivorax are responsible for myiasis, which primarily affects wounds. We report the case of a bed-ridden patient with dementia who developed right nasal myiasis during his stay at Cayenne Hospital. Progression was favorable, bu...
Goat and sheep folks from Alto Mearim and Grajaú microregion, State of Maranhão, were examined by inspection and by feeling to collected ectoparasites. The specimens were kept in individual bottles for each host sampled with alcohol 70 degrees GL as preserver liquid. The identifi...
We describe the clinical presentation of the first case, to our knowledge, of myiasis in an orbit with an exposed hydroxyapatite implant. We examined a 10-year-old boy with an 8-year exposure of an orbital implant. He had an infestation with maggots. The implant and the worms wer...
In a 51-year-old man who had visited Surinam, cutaneous myiasis was diagnosed, caused by simultaneous infestation with the larvae of two different species of flies: Dermatobia hominis and Cochliomyia hominivorax. On his right lower arm the man had two solitary, furuncle-like lesi...
A field trial was carried out during a summer-fall period on a commercial beef cattle farm in Minas Gerais State, located in the Southeast of Brazil. In order to evaluate the prophylactic effect and the curative efficacy of fipronil in a 1% solution, 200 Zebu crossbred bulls, wit...
Sterile insect technique (SIT) programs are designed to eradicate pest species by releasing mass-reared, sterile insects into an infested area. The first major implementation of SIT was the New World Screwworm Eradication Program, which successfully eliminated the New World screw...
Eight transgenic strains of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were compared with the wild-type parental laboratory strain (P95) in colony. Measurements of average weight of pupae, percentage of adults emerging from pupae, ratio of males to total emerged...
Antennal sensilla of the Cochliomyia hominivorax were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Thirteen subtypes of sensilla were identified in the fly antenna. In the antennal funiculus, nine subtypes were found: one trichoid, three basiconic, and five coeloconic. Among these, o...
The distribution of screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax, (Coquerel) was studied in a seasonally moist lowland tropical forest in the Republic of Panama using a combination of field collections and satellite imagery. We found that different forest types could be distinguished and...
The four stereoisomers of 7-acetoxy-15-methylnonacosane (1), a component of the female sex pheromone of the New World screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) were synthesized. The stereogenic center at C-15 of 1 originated from that of the enantiomers of citronellal, and that at...
The screwworm caused by Cochliomyia Hominivorax, attacking warm-blooded animals and man, was discovered for the first time in the history outside of American continent, in the Eastern Hemisphere. After confirming the occurrence of this horrible myiasis in North Africa in 1989, Tr...
Orbital myiasis cases by dipterous fly larvae are rarely reported. A case of massive orbital myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax resulting in complete loss of the globe is described. Oral ivermectin was used successfully to eliminate the larvae prior to enucleation, making...
The enantiomers of 21-methyl-7-hentriacontanone (1), which might show weak bioactivity as the female sex pheromone of the screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax), were synthesized by starting from the enantiomers of citronellal. (+/-)-Citronellol was converted to a racemic and di...
Hydrocarbons were the major lipid class extracted by hexane from the vitelline membrane surface of dechorionated eggs of the house fly, Musca domestica, the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, the secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria, the green bottle fly, Phaeni...
Few entomologists have impacted insect pest management as profoundly as Edward F Knipling (1909-2000). During WWII, Knipling and his colleagues developed highly effective measures to protect both military personnel and civilian populations from major arthropod-borne diseases. The...
Myiasis with Cochliomyia homonivorax induce sensitive and nauseating cutaneous ulcerations. The usual treatment is limited to the mechanical extraction of the larvae. The authors have made a report on the treatment of C. hominivorax by local application of ivermectin. The use of...
We report a rare case of periodontal myiasis by New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax, an obligatory larval parasite, in a 66-year-old woman. The myiasis occurred in the anterior upper jaw associated with a pre-existent generalised periodontitis. About 40 larvae were remove...
6-Acetoxy-19-methylnonacosane (1), 7-acetoxy-19-methylnonacosane (2), 8-acetoxy-19-methylnonacosane (3), 7-acetoxy-15-methylnonacosane (4), and 21-methyl-7-hentriacontanone (5) were synthesized as racemic and diastereomeric mixtures. These are new compounds isolated from an HPLC...
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from eight species of myiasis-causing flies, stored for up to 50 years, were amplified successfully. Universal primers were used to amplify six specific regions from total genomic DNA, including five mtDNA genes. The comparison of phenol/chloro...
ABSTRACT A simple bioassay system was developed to study locomotory and ovipositional responses of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), flies to bovine blood inoculated with eight species of coliform bacteria that were isolated from screwworm-infested animal wounds. Whe...
The screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), is one of the most important pests of livestock in the Western Hemisphere. During early immature stages it is morphologically very similar (first instars are virtually indistinguishable) to the secondary screwworm, C. macellaria...
Absorbent recycled paper products were tested and compared with a sodium polyacrylate gelling agent, Aquatain, for solidifying larval diets of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). A recycled newsprint product, Terra-Mulch, when mixed with water and dietary ingredien...
We report a 37 years old male, coming from Paraguay, who consulted for tinnitus, hearing loss, foreign body sensation and pain in the left ear. He informed that a fly entered into his external auditive channel, five days before consulting. We observed the destruction of the tympa...
Two examples of area-wide programmes, employing the sterile insect technique (SIT), which have eradicated a parasite and a disease vector common to domestic and wild animals are described. New World screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax, caused significant morbidity and mortal...
The primary screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is one of the most important insect pests of livestock in neotropical regions, whereas Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), the secondary screwworm, is of medical and san...
Myiasis caused by screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), is devastating to warm-blooded animals and economically important to livestock producers. It is difficult to distinguish these pests, immature screwworms, from immatures of other non-pest fly species that often occ...
The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax was determined. This genome is 16,022 bp in size and corresponds to a typical Brachycera mtDNA. A Serine start codon for COI and incomplete termination codons for COII, NADH 5 and NADH 4 ge...
Embryos of the primary screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were successfully permeabilized for use in subsequent cryopreservation studies. Mortality was greater for eggs incubated for < 5 h before treatment. The mean survival of embryos to first instars was 55.7, 61.1,...
This study reports the molecular characterization of the mtDNA control region (called the A+T-rich region in insects) of five dipteran species which cause myiasis: Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel, Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius, Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius, Lucilia eximia...
A variety of pathways exist for the introduction of nonindigenous insects, ticks, and mites of veterinary importance into the United States. The most prominent includes the natural migration of mosquitoes and flies by the flight of adults, ectoparasites entering the country on wi...
A study was conducted to evaluate the activity of a single administration of doramectin or ivermectin against severe, induced infestations of Cochliomyia hominivorax. Twenty-four Holstein bull calves were allocated to four groups of six animals each and treated either with saline...
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of São Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about t...
Screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were fed on honey and spray dried egg product; honey, molasses, and spray dried egg product; honey and spray dried meat protein; as well as on a control diet of honey and horsemeat, which is the standard diet used for screwworm...
The screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), is a parasite that attacks all warm-blooded animals including humans. This parasite has caused significant losses to the livestock industries of the Americas. Since the screwworm eradication program was initiated in the South...
Screwworm myiasis, caused by infestation of even minor wounds by the obligative parasitic larval stages of the New World screwworm (NWS) (Cochliomyia hominivorax) or Old World screwworm (OWS) (Chrysomya bezziana) flies, is a major cause of livestock morbidity and mortality in tro...
The screw-worm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), whose larvae develop in wild and domestic animals as well as in man, is one of the major causes of myiasis in Brazil. Sheep raising is expanding in the state of São Paulo, where information about the infestation of screw-worm is...
Larvae of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were reared on diets with varying concentrations of spray dried animal blood cells, spray dried inedible egg product, and powdered milk substitute, and compared with those reared on spray dried whole bovine blood-based diet...
A field trial was carried out during summer 1996 in a commercial beef cattle farm located in the central area of Argentina (30 degrees 16'S, 60 degrees 30'W) to evaluate the efficacy of a new insect growth regulator material (dicyclanil) in the prevention of myiosis caused by scr...
Two studies were conducted in Brazil using induced infestations of the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, to investigate: a) the comparative prophylactic efficacy of doramectin and ivermectin at their recommended use levels (200 micrograms kg-1 s.c.), and b) the durati...
The prophylactic efficacy of ivermectin against navel or scrotal myiasis in calves was evaluated in eight trials in Argentina and Brazil. In two trials, calves were injected subcutaneously with ivermectin at a dosage of at least 200 microg kg(-1) within 24 h of birth. In the othe...
The mitochondrial DNA of the secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.), was cleaved with 15 restriction endonucleases to produce 54 restriction fragments. Forty-three restriction sites recognized by 12 enzymes were assigned positions on a restriction site map. Both the res...
The American screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel, was detected in northwestern Libya in 1988. By August 1990, a screwworm epizootic extended over 26,000 km2 but collapsed in December and disappeared in April 1991. The relative contributions of winter weather and sterile i...
In the tropics, the botfly Dermatobia hominis and the NWS Cochliomyia hominivorax are the most important myiasis agents in cattle. It is frequently reported that furuncular lesions due to D. hominis are a predisposing cause for screwworm myiasis. Our results pointed out that only...
We studied eight different myiasis of sheep caused by screwworm flies under laboratory conditions. Swabs were taken from the wound, before, during, and after the myiasis. Seven hundred and thirty-one samples were streaked on different bacteriological media. All samples were ident...
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments (PCR-RFLP) of mitochondrial DNA were used to differentiate species of New World screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Twenty-seven restriction enzymes were screened on five regions of mtDNA....
Allozyme variation in New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), populations from Brazil was examined. Variability was observed in 8 of 13 enzyme loci and the frequency of the most common allele was < 0.95 for seven loci. Observed and expected heterozygosities were...
This paper on myiasis provides varied references from documented sources as an overall review. A review of two case studies, a primary screwworm (cochliomyia hominivorax) infestation and a human botfly (Dermatobia hominis) infestation, as well as information on approaches to posi...
Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was used to characterize mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax, and secondary screwworm, C.macellaria, from the Caribbean, North America and South America....
Screw-worms (Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel) constitute a serious plight for livestock in the New World, because they inflict high losses on animals and man. A survey was done by means of an epizootic surveillance system with geographic squares to check for the presence of the...
Two studies were conducted in Latin America, one in Venezuela and one in Argentina, using a common protocol to investigate the efficacy of a single s.c. injection of doramectin in the prevention and control of field infestations of Cochliomyia hominivorax in newborn calves and po...
Three studies were conducted in Latin America--one in Venezuela, one in Argentina and one in Brazil--using a common protocol to investigate the efficacy of a single subcutaneous injection of doramectin in the prevention and control of Cochliomyia hominivorax infestations in castr...
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used to examine genetic variation and population structure of screwworm flies in four populations from São Paulo State, Brazil. The total DNA of 405 individuals was digested with 15 restrict...
The introduction in 1988 of the New World screwworm into Libya presented a serious threat to the livestock and wildlife sectors o f the African continent and the Mediterranean region. In this article, Moisés Vargas-Terán, Brian S. Hursey and Edward P. Cunningham describe the acti...
A simplified list of the principal Diptera capable of causing myiasis is followed by a brief presentation of the biology, lesions inflicted, and methods of treatment and control of the myiases of economic importance. Cochliomyiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax is of greatest...
Acidic and non-acidic fractions from extracts of fluid from sheep wounds infested with larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) were analysed by linked gas chromatography and electroantennography in order to detect electrophysiologically-active compounds that could be potenti...
Influence of attractant, season, habitat, temperature, and physiological state of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), on daily activity and oviposition were examined during a 122 d study in a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. Flies were marked and released. Number...
When hexane extracts of mature screwworm females were chromatographed on a silica gel column, mating stimulant activity was concentrated in a fraction that eluted with hexane-ether (94∶6, v/v). Separation of this fraction with HPLC (acetonitrile-acetone; 60∶40, isocratic) resulte...
Starch gel electrophoresis was used to resolve gene frequencies among populations of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). The loci examined coded for alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, octanol dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase. Flies were sampled by traps widely...
During March of 1991 and 1992, four trials were carried out in the central area of Argentina to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin in the prevention of myiasis caused by Cochliomya hominivorax larvae. In the first trial 24 steers were artificially wounded, in the second and thir...
Descriptions are given of the morphological features of laboratory-reared first to third larval stages of Cochliomyia hominivorax. The pseudocephalon, spines and papillae of the segments, and the anterior and posterior spiracles of all three larval stages were studied by scanning...
Two prophylactic studies and one persistent efficacy study were conducted in Brazil to evaluate one injection of doramectin at a dose rate of 200 micrograms kg-1 against induced infestations of the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax. In each prophylactic study, 12 calve...
A field study in Libya investigated aspects of Cochliomyia hominivorax behaviour relevant to the operation of a target-based control system. Flies were readily caught by electrified targets, but only when baited with the attractant 'swormlure-4'. Target size (0.25-1 m2) did not a...
The reproductive status of native (wild) screwworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, caught on swormlure-baited sticky traps in Papua New Guinea is described. A total of 1122 females and 25 males were trapped. Of these females 595 were scored for insemination status and stage of ovarian d...
Myiasis, the infestation of body tissues by the larvae of flies, occurs infrequently in Australian tourists who return from areas where certain species are endemic. Some of these insect species such as Cochliomyia hominivorax and Chrysoma bezziana (New and Old World screw-worms r...
Sheep infested with screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), produced specific serum antibodies detectable by ELISA. Significant antibody levels were found beginning at 1 wk after infestation and persisting for 2 mo, with peak levels at 3 wk after infestation. Mean respons...
The effect of calf milk replacers as substitutes for nonfat dry milk in the larval diet of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), was determined in the laboratory. Pupal weight and fecundity of females were significantly greater than the control with some of the formu...
Populations of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were monitored by capturing adults with hand nets and rooted liver set on the ground. Adults were marked and released. During the 61-d study conducted in a tropical dry forest in the dry season (January to March 19...
Data on traumatic myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in Libya were reported from August 1988 until February 1989. A total of 468 cases of screwworm myiasis were recorded in seven species of livestock and 229 humans, mainly children, were also found to be infested. Cattle a...
During the screwworm eradication programme in Libya in 1991, trapped specimens of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) were found infested with phoretic mites, Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli), or parasitic mites, Trichotromidium muscarum (Riley). The possible sources of infe...
The New World screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), became established in the Old World for the first time during 1988, in the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. An obligate parasite of mammals in its larval stages, causing wound myia...
Ophthalmomyiasis, infestation of the eye by dipterous fly larvae, may result in sequelae ranging from minor irritation to blindness, disfigurement, and death. Infestation with Cochliomyia hominivorax, a medically significant and economically important species, exemplifies the mec...
A survey of Diptera species causing cutaneous myiases on sheep in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil was made to determine seasonal incidence, predilection sites and the factors predisposing to infestation. Sheep were checked daily for myiases for one year. At two week intervals larvae...
A laboratory behavioral assay examined intra- and interspecific responses to sex pheromone by screwworms,Cochliomyia hominivorax, and secondary screwworms,C. macellaria, in relation to the duration of colonization ofC. hominivorax test males. Females ofC. macellaria, like those o...
Standard polytene chromosome maps for the Old World screwsworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, are presented. Good quality polytene chromosomes obtainable from pupal trichogen cells allow detailed analysis of autosomal euchromatin. The sex chromosomes are represented by irregular hetero...
Larvae of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were reared on meridic diets containing ground corncob material (grit) in test 1 and the cob grit or sawdust in test 2 to reduce or replace the amount of an expensive synthetic copolymer gelling agent. Biological parame...
Studies to determine the persistence of released, sterile screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were conducted in Belize, Central America, in 1987-1988. A total of nine releases were made, each consisting of 4,000 females marked with a fluorescent dust. Previous similar...
The behaviour of 4-day-old virgin female New World screwworm flies Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel was investigated in a wind tunnel using video. Addition of the screwworm attractant swormlure-4 to the airstream resulted in an increase in the number of take-offs and in the durat...
The responses of unmated female New World screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel, to visual targets were studied in a wind-tunnel. Both activity and frequency of contacts with targets increased greatly when the screwworm attractant mixture swormlure-4 was added to the...
"Emerging zoonoses" are defined as zoonotic diseases caused either by apparently new agents, or by previously known microorganisms, appearing in places or in species in which the disease was previously unknown. New animal diseases with an unknown host spectrum are also included i...
The New World screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) caused myiasis extensively among livestock in Mexico and the southern third of the USA until eradication was achieved by repeatedly releasing sterile males of the species on a massive scale. The pest appeared in Libya in 1988,...
The New World Screwworm (NWS, Cochliomyia hominivorax) is an obligate parasite of warm-blooded animals. The female lays up to 300 eggs in any break in the skin, and the resulting larvae (screwworms) burrow into surrounding living flesh. Infested animals frequently die, while the...
Egg masses from wild populations of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were obtained by collecting females from rotted liver, holding them for 3 d until egg maturation and then placing them on heated ground beef for oviposition. Nearly 50% of the females oviposite...
In a mark-release-recapture study, sheep wounds and rotted liver were used as attractants to study movements of the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), in a Costa Rican tropical wet forest in the wet season. When sites were monitored for less than 1 h, liver attrac...
A laboratory behavioral assay was used to examine ontogenetic and strain effects on sex pheromone production and reception in the screwworm, which employs a female-produced contact pheromone to stimulate male copulatory attempts. Pheromone levels peaked between three and six days...
A rearing system based on a diet gelled with Water-Lock G-400, a synthetic superabsorbent (poly(2-propenamide-co-2-propenoic acid, sodium salt)) (WL), was compared with the standard rearing system (liquid diet suspended in acetate fibers) for the mass production of screwworms, Co...
An imported case of traumatic myiasis occurred in a soldier wounded during military action in Panama in December 1989 and evacuated to Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas. At the medical center, five larvae were removed from the scalp wound, reared to the adult st...
The chorion of the Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) egg is described using observations from scanning and transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. Included are the gross structure and surface characteristics of the chorion, the basic architecture and internal comp...
Factor affecting oviposition by screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), contacting different host fluids were examined in a laboratory bioassay. Fresh bovine blood, which does not release the attractive odors involved in host finding, nevertheless stimulated as many...
The course of the North African outbreak of New World screw-worm myiasis (Cochliomyia hominivorax) since its discovery in 1988 is described. Chemical and biological control measures are reviewed, including the current progress of the 'sterile male' (SIT) eradication programme.
Field trials were conducted to determine the best attractant for adults of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), in Costa Rica. The five attractants were wounded sentinel sheep, decayed fruit, rotted beef liver, rotted fish, and medium used to rear larvae of this blo...
The reproductive compatibility of New World screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), from North Africa and a strain being mass produced for the Mexican eradication programme was examined to assess the feasibility of using flies from the Mexican screwworm mass production fa...
The American screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax has recently been reported in Libya (El-Azazy 1989). Fly larvae were cultured on blood agar at different temperatures (-5 degrees, 5 degrees, 18 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 37 degrees, or 40 degrees C). Larvae pupated at 18...
The evolution of the main topics of study related to the biology, the life-cycle and the distribution of insects causing cutaneous myiasis during the last century is presented. These subjects are still of interest and a synopsis of new data concerning Hypoderma tarandi, H. diana...
A male German wirehaired pointer, Canis familiaris L., was trained to search for and locate screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel); pupae; and animals infested with screwworms. The command, "find it" led to the detection of a screwworm-infested animal and the command "sear...
The morphology of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), larval spines was affected by larval substrate and geographic effects on variation. Spine morphology of individual larvae was used to determine criteria for discrimination analysis classification. Classification cri...
The age structure of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), populations was studied in the Guatemalan lowlands with the pteridine technique of age determination. Flies (95% were 4-15 d old) were captured on sentinel animals. Mean age was 7.5 d. The oldest fly captured was...
The screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), is the most serious insect pest of cattle in the New World. It has recently been recorded in Libya, where it appears to have become established. This article documents these recent finds, and provides background information o...
A novel series of 2,X-dimethylalkanes were isolated and identified. The nonpolar fraction of the surface lipids secreted by the adult (5-day-old) screwworm,Cochliomyia hominivorax, contains over 130 different hydrocarbons comprising normal alkanes (32% of the total hydrocarbon),...
Mitochondrial DNA variability has been analyzed in the primary screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) using restriction endonuclease fragment patterns and restriction site mapping. A total of 30 different screwworm lines originating from Texas to Costa Rica and the Island of Jam...
The potential geographical distribution and relative abundance of the Old World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as determined by climate, was assessed using CLIMEX, a computer program for matching climates. CLIMEX describes the relative grow...
An olfactometer bioassay was used to follow attractant for screwworm flies,Cochliomyia hominivorax, in steam distillates of bovine blood under different distillation and storage conditions and after HPLC separation of components in a water-methanol gradient. In addition, fly resp...
Fluorescence spectrophotometry was used to assess the possible use of pteridines in the compound eyes to estimate the age of adult screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). Factors affecting the quantities of pteridines include temperature and head size. No difference in pt...
The incidence of screwworm cases in Texas during the 1962-82 sterile-male eradication campaign is analysed in relation to seasonal temperatures and screwworm density. The analysis shows that screwworm outbreaks occur in response to favourable seasonal conditions, especially warm...
Eight new genetic markers for Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), the screwworm, are characterized. The markers include three eye mutants, lemon-eye (le), cherry-eye (ch), and red-eye (re); one wing mutant, curly-wing (cw); and four allozyme markers, amylase (Amy-1)...
Screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Fig. 1), have been eradicated from the USA and now have a tenuous hold only in the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico, where control programmes based on massive release of sterile males have recently been initiated. Sterile male release operations ar...
Laboratory mating tests and bioassays for a contact, mating-stimulant pheromone were conducted within and between two strains of the screwworm fly,Cochliomyia hominivorax. No strain or sex difference in pheromone activity occurred at emergence. However, the pheromone activity of...
The causes of screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) outbreaks in North America are not well understood, but the literature suggests that climate was historically important. Screwworm case incidence in each of seven climatological divisions of Texas was examined for the years 1962-8...
Diagnostic features are described as a series of couplets that enable separation of the third instar larvae of the following pairs of closely related forms of blowflies of medical and veterinary importance: Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) and Ch.putoria (Wiedemann), Chrysomya al...
A bioassay based on male copulatory responses occurring on contact with dead decoy insects was used to confirm the existence of a sex pheromone in the screwworm fly,Cochliomyia hominivorax. Males responded to female but not male decoys. Mated and virgin females were equally stimu...
Laboratory olfactometer bioassays were used to study attractiveness of whole animal wounds, wound fluid, and reconstituted dried blood to gravid screwworm flies,Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). Flies were attracted to odors from whole wounds that were infested with screwworm l...
The larva of the blowfly Cochliomyia hominivorax, also known as the screwworm, eats the living flesh of cattle and sheep and other warm-blooded animals. A program to eradicate the screwworm in the United States was initiated in the 1950's. The program was very effective until 196...
The control of insect populations by restricting their birth rate offers several advantages over methods based on increasing the death rate. The sterile-male technique scored practical success in the control of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), but more general a...
Folic acid antagonists inhibited oviposition by screw-worm flies [Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel); Diptera: Calliphoridae]. Fertility was unaltered when sufficient folic acid was administered simultaneously, or it was partly restored spontaneously about 2 weeks after treatment...